Introduction

A rare and captivating breed, the Xoloitzcuintli (pronounced “show-low-eets-queent-lee”) stands out for its remarkable intelligence, serene nature, and compact stature. Often affectionately called the Xolo or Mexican Hairless, this extraordinary dog is renowned for its unwavering loyalty and affectionate demeanor.

While their hairless appearance might not appeal to everyone, the Xoloitzcuintli Club of America highlights that Aztec tribes held these dogs in high esteem for their believed healing powers. The Nahuas, an indigenous Latin American group, regarded the Xolo as spiritual guides leading souls through the afterlife. Having stood steadfastly by their human companions for centuries, the Xoloitzcuintli proudly holds the title of Mexico’s official national dog.

Caring for a Xoloitzcuintli

Xoloitzcuintlis are generally robust and healthy dogs who enjoy a generous lifespan of 13 to 18 years, dedicating those years joyfully to their human and canine family members alike.

The breed club identifies three distinct sizes of Xolos:

• The Toy Xoloitzcuintli, standing a petite 10–14 inches tall
• The Miniature Xoloitzcuintli, measuring a charming 14–18 inches tall
• The Standard Xoloitzcuintli, a proud size of 18–23 inches tall

Regardless of size, Xolos boast a striking and naturally refined appearance evolved through centuries. Their notable features include large, expressive ears, a slender muzzle, and captivating almond-shaped eyes. Most fascinating is their unique coat—or more accurately, the notable absence of one. These mostly hairless dogs often exhibit small patches of coarse hair atop their heads, on their feet, and at the tips of their tails, adding to their distinctive charm.

Xoloitzcuintli Health Concerns

Thanks to their ancient lineage and natural development, Xolos are generally resilient to many common canine ailments. Though the breed club advises routine health screenings such as hip, cardiac, patella (kneecap), and eye examinations, these issues tend to be uncommon within the breed.

Skin Conditions

Young Xolos may develop acne around their lips and muzzle during adolescence. This manifests as red bumps, pimples, or blackheads, which can scar if irritated or scratched excessively. To maintain your Mexican Hairless dog’s skin in pristine condition, frequent baths with gentle, specialized shampoos are essential.

Additionally, keeping their faces clean and dry—particularly after meals, drinks, or outdoor exploring—is crucial. Using pet-friendly wipes can simplify this task.

Due to their hairless nature, Xolos have delicate, sensitive skin that requires protection from harsh chemicals, direct sun exposure, and sudden temperature changes. Employing canine-safe sunscreens or moisturizing lotions helps shield and nourish their skin, promoting lasting health.

Orthopedic Conditions

Xolos may be susceptible to orthopedic challenges like hip dysplasia, which involves abnormal hip joint formation, and patellar luxations caused by looseness in the kneecap tendons, resulting in bone misalignment.

These developmental conditions vary in symptoms and severity. Affected dogs may show signs such as limping, a distinctive bunny-hopping movement, or difficulty navigating stairs. Treatment often includes anti-inflammatory medications, joint supplements, and in more severe scenarios, surgical intervention.

Obesity

The breed club points out that Xolo dogs have hearty appetites, which means without controlled, measured feeding schedules, they risk becoming overweight. Canine obesity brings a host of secondary health complications, including:

• Arthritis
• Pancreatitis
• Kidney disease
• Elevated risk of heart disease
• Difficulty tolerating exercise

Feeding Your Xoloitzcuintli

Mexican Hairless dogs require a balanced dog food that complies with the Association of American Feed Control Officials (AAFCO) nutritional standards. Xolo puppies should be fed specially formulated puppy food until they reach one year old, after which an adult diet is appropriate.

Feeding Guidelines for Your Xoloitzcuintli

Puppies benefit from at least three meals daily on a consistent schedule. Transition to two meals a day once your Xolo reaches adulthood. If your dog gobbles food too quickly, consider investing in a slow feeder bowl to promote healthier eating habits.

Portion Sizes for Different Xolo Sizes

Caloric needs vary widely depending on your dog’s size, health status, weight, and lifestyle, especially given the breed’s three size categories.

Refer to your dog food’s packaging for a basic feeding guide, but consulting your veterinarian will provide personalized recommendations tailored to your Xolo’s specific needs.

Nutritional Recommendations

Provided your Xolo consumes a high-quality, nutritionally balanced diet, supplements are typically unnecessary. However, your vet may suggest supplements on an individual basis, contingent on your dog’s health requirements.

Understanding Xoloitzcuintli Behavior and Training

Renowned for their intelligence and devotion, Xolos are excellent companions for both novice pet owners and experienced families. They thrive with about 20 minutes of daily exercise, whether that’s an invigorating walk, lively neighborhood jog, or energizing afternoon hike.

“Xolos benefit from daily physical activity and relish long strolls with occasional bursts of running,” notes Petscarelab’s veterinary expert. “Consistent mental and physical engagement is key to preventing unwanted or destructive behaviors.”

Personality and Temperament

Bred as a working dog, the Xolo is typically reserved and cautious around strangers, according to the breed club. While they may not immediately shower new acquaintances with affection, these dogs build deep, loyal bonds with their families. Their playful nature makes them wonderful companions for children who understand respectful interaction—but remember, all child-dog interactions must be supervised.

With a strong prey drive, Xolos are prone to chasing small animals such as squirrels and rabbits. Introducing a cat requires patience and caution, helping your Xolo learn to coexist peacefully. Always keep your Xolo leashed or securely within a fenced area when outdoors.

Behavioral Traits

Despite their modest size, Xolos possess a surprisingly loud bark, which they use effectively to alert their family to visitors or unusual activity, though they are not prone to incessant barking.

“Xolos will definitely alert you if someone approaches your door,” shares Petscarelab’s expert. “Like many dogs, they enjoy monitoring their home territory. Without proper socialization, they can become anxious around unfamiliar faces.”

Training Tips

As with any breed, Xoloitzcuintlis thrive with positive reinforcement training, where desired behaviors are consistently rewarded. Although quick learners, they benefit from steady and ongoing training efforts.

Early socialization is critical to ensuring your Xolo puppy grows confident and comfortable meeting new people.

Engaging Activities for Your Xolo

• Walking and jogging
• Backyard play sessions
• Running freely in safe areas
• Puzzle toys for mental stimulation
• Hide-and-seek games
• Tug-of-war matches
• Fetch sessions
• Trick training
• Obedience exercises
• Snuffle mats for scent games
• Agility and obstacle courses
• Frisbee play
• Flyball sports

Grooming Your Xoloitzcuintli

Their lack of a full coat means Xolos require less traditional grooming, but their hairless skin needs attentive care.

Skin Maintenance

Regular bathing is vital for keeping a Xolo’s skin healthy. Between baths, you should:

• Gently wipe their skin with a soft cloth to remove dirt
• Apply dog-safe moisturizers to prevent dryness
• Use canine-specific sunscreen before outdoor excursions to shield against harmful UV rays (never use human sunscreens, as some ingredients are toxic to dogs)

Because skin acne can be a recurring challenge, your veterinarian may recommend topical or oral treatments to manage flare-ups effectively.

Eye Care

While generally requiring no special eye maintenance, watch for signs of discomfort such as pawing at the eyes, squinting, or discharge. Prompt veterinary attention is important if these symptoms arise.

Ear Care

Clean your Xolo’s ears after each bath using a dog-appropriate ear cleaner to help prevent infections and maintain ear health.

Important Considerations for Pet Owners

Xolos adapt well to living in apartments or houses, provided they receive their daily dose of exercise. Keep your Xolo leashed during walks and runs due to their instinctual drive to chase small animals.

Though deeply affectionate toward their family, Xolos may take time to warm up to strangers. Early and frequent socialization is essential to help mitigate their natural caution.

Are Xolo dogs good pets?

Absolutely! With proper training and socialization, Xolos make wonderful companions, particularly in active homes that can provide at least 20 minutes of daily exercise.

How much do Xolo dogs cost?

Xolos typically cost between $2,000 and $4,000. Petscarelab recommends consulting a directory of ethical, vetted breeders to find a healthy puppy.

Are Mexican Hairless dogs hypoallergenic?

While no dog is completely hypoallergenic, Xolos can be suitable for many allergy sufferers. Before adopting, spend time with the breed to gauge your personal reaction.

How do you pronounce Xoloitzcuintli?

The name Xoloitzcuintli is pronounced “show-low-eets-queent-lee,” while the common nickname “Xolo” is pronounced “show-low.”