Introduction
The Shih Tzu is a charming Tibetan toy breed, lovingly bred to be a furry, affectionate companion. With ancient roots stretching back centuries, these delightful dogs only gained formal recognition by the American Kennel Club (AKC) in 1969.
Known as little “lion dogs”—a nod to the meaning behind their name—they were treasured in Buddhist culture and specifically bred to resemble lions, according to the Petscarelab Shih Tzu Society. Historically, Imperial families prized Shih Tzus for their keen sense and sharp bark to alert homes of visitors.
Over time, Shih Tzus transformed from vigilant guardians into beloved companion animals, especially as breeders in China crossed them with other small breeds like Pugs and Pekingese.
Today’s Shih Tzu is an energetic and affectionate little dog, typically weighing between 9 and 16 pounds with an average height around 10 inches. They boast a luxurious long, silky coat, a charmingly smooshed muzzle, a distinct underbite, and short, floppy ears. Their rounded heads feature large, expressive eyes that melt hearts at first glance.
Caring for a Shih Tzu
Shih Tzus are delightful, lively companions who thrive on social interaction. They tend to be cheerful and friendly with people and other pets alike, at any age, and prefer not to spend extended periods alone.
Like all dogs, early socialization is key to ensuring a confident, well-adjusted Shih Tzu puppy. Without proper social exposure, they might develop less desirable behaviors, including excessive barking or digging in your garden.
How Much Exercise Does a Shih Tzu Need?
While Shih Tzus require daily exercise like all dogs, their needs are modest. Typically, a 30-minute walk paired with some playful time indoors satisfies this breed.
Due to their delicate neck anatomy, it’s best to opt for a harness rather than clipping a leash directly to a collar to keep them comfortable and safe during walks.
How Much Grooming Does a Shih Tzu Need?
The hallmark of Shih Tzu grooming is their lavish, continuously growing double coat. Though they shed minimally—earning a reputation as a “hypoallergenic” dog, though no breed is truly allergen-free—their coats are prone to tangles and mats.
Many owners choose to keep their Shih Tzu trimmed in a short “puppy cut” to minimize grooming demands. If left long, their luxurious fur can grow so long it touches the ground, requiring frequent brushing and bathing.
Long-coated Shih Tzus need brushing at least weekly and regular professional grooming appointments every few weeks to maintain their coat’s health and beauty.
Shih Tzu Temperament and Personality
Small in stature but bursting with personality, Shih Tzus are affectionate and loyal companions—ideal for families with children and other pets. They are playful, intelligent, and eager to please their humans.
Are Shih Tzu Good With Kids?
When socialized early, Shih Tzus typically get along wonderfully with children and other animals. It’s important, however, to teach kids gentle play to ensure everyone stays safe during interactions with this small breed.
Always supervise playtime between children and dogs to foster positive experiences.
Do Shih Tzu Like to Cuddle?
Shih Tzus are highly adaptable, enjoying everything from lazy cuddling on the couch to lively, adventurous park walks. Regardless of activity, their greatest joy is simply being close to their people.
Their sweet nature combined with their small size and calm demeanor makes them perfect companions for snuggling and affection.
Training and Behavior Tips for Shih Tzu Dogs
Shih Tzus thrive on attention and treats, making them fast learners eager to please. Positive reinforcement with tasty rewards helps them easily pick up new tricks and behaviors.
How To Train a Shih Tzu Puppy
Given their desire to please, Shih Tzu puppies are generally straightforward to train using high-value treats and patient encouragement.
Keep in mind that treats can quickly add up in calories, so monitor intake carefully to maintain a healthy weight in your petite pup.
Do Shih Tzu Bark a Lot?
With their heritage as alert watchdogs, Shih Tzus retain a tendency to bark at unfamiliar sights and sounds as a way of alerting their humans.
They can also become curious and dig if left unsupervised. Always keep an eye on them, especially in new or outdoor environments.
What Are Fun Activities for Shih Tzu Dogs?
- Leisurely neighborhood strolls
- Play sessions in the backyard or indoors
- Learning fun new tricks
- Cozy cuddling with their human family
Shih Tzu Health Issues
Shih Tzus enjoy a relatively long lifespan, often living 10 to 18 years. While generally healthy, they are prone to several breed-specific health concerns.
Their brachycephalic (flat-faced) anatomy means they are more vulnerable to heat stress and breathing difficulties, so it’s essential to keep them cool during warm weather.
Common health issues to watch for include:
Brachycephalic Syndrome
Flat-faced breeds like the Shih Tzu may suffer from brachycephalic syndrome, which involves anatomical abnormalities that can obstruct breathing, such as:
- Narrow nostrils
- An elongated soft palate
- A collapsing trachea
- Excessive tissue in the throat
These challenges can make it harder for your dog to breathe and increase their risk of overheating.
In severe cases, veterinarians may recommend corrective surgery early in life to improve breathing comfort.
Obesity
As a breed with modest exercise needs, Shih Tzus can be prone to weight gain. Excess weight can contribute to diabetes, arthritis, heart conditions, and respiratory difficulties.
Maintaining a healthy weight involves limiting treats to less than 10% of their daily calories and ensuring at least 20 to 30 minutes of daily exercise like walks and play.
Luxating Patella
This condition causes the kneecap to slip out of place, leading to limping, discomfort, and eventual arthritis. Some dogs may hold up a hind leg temporarily while walking.
While the kneecap often repositions itself, surgical intervention might be necessary in more severe cases.
Periodontal Disease
Dental health is a common concern for Shih Tzus due to their small mouths and crowded teeth, which promote plaque buildup.
Regular brushing, professional dental cleanings, and occasional tooth extractions are key to keeping their mouths healthy.
Hip Dysplasia
Improper development of the hip joints can lead to arthritis and mobility issues.
Diagnosis typically involves X-rays, followed by treatment with medications or supplements. Surgery may be required if the condition is severe.
Eye Problems
Prone to several inherited eye conditions like glaucoma, dry eye, and cataracts, Shih Tzus can experience discomfort and vision issues.
Watch for symptoms such as:
- Redness
- Bulging or cloudy eyes
- Discharge
- Persistent eye rubbing
- Squinting or blindness
Seek veterinary care if you notice any of these signs.
Liver Shunts (Portosystemic Shunts)
This congenital liver condition causes toxins to bypass normal filtering, leading to gastrointestinal upset, poor growth, and neurological symptoms like a wobbly gait or seizures.
Diagnosis involves blood tests and imaging, and treatment may include surgery, medication, and dietary management.
Ear Infections
Their floppy ears can trap moisture and hair inside the ear canal, creating ideal conditions for pain and infections.
Regular veterinary checks and cleaning with recommended solutions help prevent ear infections. Excess ear hair may be trimmed to maintain ear health.
Kidney Issues
Shih Tzus can inherit glomerulonephritis, a kidney disease causing protein loss and kidney malfunction early in life. Symptoms include:
- Loss of appetite
- Vomiting and diarrhea
- Increased thirst and urination
- Weight loss and muscle wasting
Treatment often involves diet adjustments, medication, and fluid therapy.
What To Feed a Shih Tzu
Maintaining a balanced diet is crucial to prevent obesity and support the overall well-being of your Shih Tzu.
The Best Diet for Shih Tzu Puppies and Dogs
Feeding your adult Shih Tzu twice daily with a balanced small-bite kibble designed for small breeds is ideal.
Dry kibble is preferred over canned food to help reduce dental issues, as its texture aids in plaque removal. Specialized dental diets, such as those recommended by Petscarelab vets, can also benefit oral health.
There are also formulas tailored specifically for Shih Tzu puppies and adults.
How To Feed a Shih Tzu
Puppies require multiple meals daily—about three to four—to avoid hypoglycemia (low blood sugar). Diets rich in protein, fat, and complex carbohydrates reduce this risk.
Begin transitioning your Shih Tzu to adult food around 1 year of age.
Consult your veterinarian to determine appropriate portion sizes to keep your dog fit and healthy.
Nutritional Tips for Shih Tzu
If feeding a high-quality, AAFCO-approved dog food, supplements aren’t usually necessary unless advised by your vet.
Omega fatty acid supplements can promote cardiovascular, brain, skin, and joint health.
Dental chews might also be recommended to support your dog’s oral hygiene.
Shih Tzu Grooming Guide
Though Shih Tzus shed minimally, their maintenance needs are considerable due to their constantly growing, often multicolored coats that range from black and white to rich red hues.
Skin Care
Their long coat makes them prone to matting and skin irritation, so weekly baths are essential. Alert your veterinarian if you observe any skin changes like redness, flaking, or dryness.
Coat Care
Daily brushing—or at minimum, several times a week—with a pin brush or comb helps prevent tangles and keeps the coat healthy.
Professional grooming is vital, whether you opt to maintain a full long coat or prefer a shorter, manageable Shih Tzu style.
Eye Care
The hair around a Shih Tzu’s large eyes should be trimmed or tied back to prevent irritation.
They are susceptible to tear staining due to their flat face, leading to reddish-brown marks near the eyes. Keeping this area clean and dry with vet-approved tear stain removers helps maintain eye health.
If staining worsens or eyes become red, swollen, or painful, seek veterinary advice immediately.
Ear Care
Routine ear cleaning is necessary to prevent infections caused by trapped moisture and hair in their floppy ears.
Your vet or groomer may need to remove excess hair from inside the ear canal to keep ears healthy and comfortable.
Dental Care
Daily brushing with dog-safe toothpaste is critical for preventing periodontal disease.
Regular veterinary dental checks and professional cleanings under anesthesia help maintain your Shih Tzu’s oral health throughout their life.
Considerations for Pet Parents
Before welcoming a Shih Tzu puppy into your home, consider their unique traits and care requirements.
These cheerful dogs are content simply being near you, with modest exercise needs balanced by essential attention and playtime. With proper socialization, they adapt well to new people, animals, and environments.
However, be prepared to commit to routine grooming and attentive weight management to ensure your Shih Tzu’s health and happiness.
Is a Shih Tzu hypoallergenic?
Shih Tzus shed very little and are often considered a better option for allergy sufferers. However, no dog breed is completely hypoallergenic since allergens exist in dander, saliva, and urine.
Spend time with Shih Tzus before deciding to bring one home if you have allergies.
How big can a Shih Tzu get?
They are a small breed, typically weighing between 9 and 16 pounds and standing about 10 inches tall.
How much does a Shih Tzu cost?
Prices usually range from $1,000 to $3,000 depending on bloodlines. You can also find Shih Tzus and Shih Tzu mixes available for adoption at shelters and rescues.
Do Shih Tzu shed?
All dogs shed to some degree, but Shih Tzus shed very little compared to many breeds.
What is the life expectancy for a Shih Tzu?
They often live between 10 and 18 years.
Should you buy a teacup Shih Tzu?
It’s best to avoid teacup Shih Tzus, which are bred to be extremely small often without sufficient regard for health. Do thorough research before deciding on a “teacup” dog.
