Introduction
The Russell Terrier—a distinct breed not to be mistaken for its close cousin, the Parson Russell Terrier—may be small in size, but it bursts with intelligence, vigilance, and fearless spirit that surpass expectations.
Originating in 19th-century England, the Russell Terrier’s roots trace back to the foxhunting dogs developed by a reverend known as John Russell (nicknamed The Sporting Parson). From his fox-working dogs, he established two unique lines that eventually became the Russell and Parson Russell (also called Jack Russell) Terriers.
While these breeds share many traits and began as one, Russells are slightly shorter and have a more rectangular build, whereas Parson/Jack Russells tend to be taller with a squarer silhouette.
Every aspect of the Russell Terrier was tailor-made for hunting foxes—its spirited and undaunted personality being a key example. Their compact frame (standing 10 to 12 inches tall and weighing between 9 and 15 pounds) made it easy to carry them on horseback and allowed them to navigate narrow tunnels in pursuit of quarry.
Equipped with exceptional noses, they would lead the way, using their lively bark to both alert handlers and flush their prey into the open. Their weather-resistant coat, which can be smooth, rough, or broken (a blend of textures), is low-maintenance, requiring minimal grooming yet offering excellent protection in all weather conditions.
Caring for a Russell Terrier
Though bred as tireless working dogs, Russell Terriers adapt beautifully as family pets when given the right environment.
Boasting exceptional energy and a strong need for mental and physical activities—requiring at least 90 minutes to two hours of daily exercise—Russells thrive in active homes with owners experienced in training intelligent breeds. Affectionate and playful, they tend to bond well with children who understand how to safely engage with a small but spirited canine companion.
Houses with spacious outdoor areas are ideal. Due to their strong prey drive, it’s essential that outdoor time happens either on a leash or within a securely fenced yard. This intense prey enthusiasm also means Russell Terriers generally do not coexist peacefully with cats.
On the upside, Russells usually do well with other dogs, reflecting their history of working in packs. However, more mature, mellow dogs might find a peppy Russell sibling a bit trying.
While keeping your Russell physically and mentally stimulated can be a workout for you, grooming remains relatively effortless. Their predominantly white coats benefit from weekly brushing to maintain cleanliness and skin health.
Russell Terrier Health Issues
Overall, Russell Terriers enjoy good health and typically live 12 to 14 years. Yet, like all breeds, they are prone to specific health concerns.
Patellar Luxation
Patellar luxation occurs when the kneecap slips out of its normal groove along the thigh bone. This common orthopedic issue especially affects small and medium breeds like Russells.
Watch for signs such as:
- Limping or favoring a leg
- Audibly popping or cracking knee joints
- Bunny-hopping or skipping gait patterns
- Frequently extending legs backward during activity
Mild cases are manageable with veterinary care, while severe instances might require surgical intervention.
Congenital Deafness
Due to their predominantly white coats, Russell Terriers are genetically predisposed to congenital deafness in one or both ears—a condition linked to ear malformations.
With patience, training, and adaptations, dogs with hearing impairments can still enjoy fulfilling, happy lives.
Primary Lens Luxation
Primary lens luxation (PLL) involves displacement of the eye’s lens, which can affect either one or both eyes. Symptoms include redness, tearing, cloudiness, and obvious discomfort.
If untreated, PLL can lead to inflammation, glaucoma, and eventual blindness. Early diagnosis allows for treatment options involving medication or surgery.
Periodontal Disease
Periodontal disease is a progressive dental problem caused by bacterial build-up that damages teeth, gums, and supporting bone. Smaller breeds like Russells are particularly prone.
Signs to watch for include:
- Persistent bad breath
- Loose or missing teeth
- Exposure of tooth roots
- Bleeding or inflamed gums
- Excessive drooling
- Facial swelling near the eyes or cheeks
Prevent this through regular tooth brushing and professional cleanings. Dental chews can assist but are no substitute for thorough brushing.
What To Feed a Russell Terrier
Feeding your Russell Terrier requires a personalized approach developed with your veterinarian to ensure balanced and complete nutrition tailored to your dog’s age, weight, and health condition. Your vet can recommend foods approved by the Association of American Feed Control Officials (AAFCO) to guarantee quality.
How To Feed a Russell Terrier
Russell Terrier puppies, with their high metabolisms, need frequent meals—typically three or four daily—to maintain steady blood sugar levels. Adult Russells usually do well with two or three meals a day. Consultation with your vet can help determine the ideal feeding schedule.
How Much Should You Feed a Russell Terrier?
Portion size depends on your dog’s weight, body condition, activity level, and any special health needs.
Food packages provide general feeding guidelines based on weight, but your vet’s advice will offer the most accurate, tailored recommendations.
Despite their high activity level, small dogs like Russells can gain weight quickly, so remember to count treats within daily calorie limits. Treats should make up no more than 10% of total food intake.
Nutritional Tips for Russell Terriers
Feeding an AAFCO-approved dog food will meet your Russell’s nutritional requirements, but your vet might suggest supplements or prescription diets if your dog has specific medical or physical needs.
Never administer supplements without your veterinarian’s guidance.
Russell Terrier Personality and Temperament
The Russell Terrier’s character reflects their working dog heritage—full of vitality, sharp intellect, and a body that demands stimulation and purposeful activity to feel content.
Though bred to be tireless hunters, Russells also display a fun-loving and affectionate nature. They typically get along well with children who are capable of gentle and respectful play and can enjoy life alongside other dogs.
However, because of their intense prey drive, they usually don’t mix well with cats unless introduced carefully as puppies.
Russell Terrier Behavior
The instinctive behaviors that made Russells superb working dogs—such as digging, vocalizing, and chasing small animals—can become challenging in a home setting if the dog is bored or lonely.
Keeping your Russell mentally occupied, physically tired, and well-trained is important to manage these tendencies. Nonetheless, barking and digging are unlikely to be fully eliminated.
Russell Terrier Training
Begin socializing your Russell puppy early by exposing them to new people, environments, and other animals to foster confidence. The best time for this is within the first 16 weeks.
While consistent training can reduce the frequency of undesirable behaviors, it’s unlikely that a Russell will never bark or dig.
Early, steady training is key to controlling habits like barking and digging. Their keen minds make them quick learners, but their attention can wander if training becomes monotonous.
Use positive reinforcement methods, keeping sessions enjoyable. This approach strengthens your bond, provides mental and physical exercise, and teaches vital skills.
Fun Activities for Russell Terriers
- Hiking adventures
- Playing fetch
- Agility courses
- Flyball competitions
- Rally obedience
- Lure coursing races
- Scent detection (nose work)
- Obedience training classes
- New skill learning sessions
Russell Terrier Grooming Guide
All Russell Terriers possess weather-resistant coats made up of a dense undercoat topped by a tough outer layer. Their coat textures vary: some are smooth, others rough, and some have a broken coat—a mix of both textures.
Despite these differences, Russell Terriers are generally low-maintenance in grooming, although their needs differ slightly by coat type.
Skin Care
Russells don’t generally need special skin treatments. Speak with your veterinarian about an appropriate bathing routine.
Coat Care
Smooth-coated Russells benefit from gentle brushing about once a week. Rough and broken coats require weekly brushing or combing to prevent mats and keep their fur healthy.
Eye Care
The breed’s expressive dark eyes can be vulnerable to conditions like primary lens luxation. If you observe redness, cloudiness, or signs of pain, promptly schedule a veterinary checkup.
Ear Care
Consult your veterinarian about cleaning methods for your Russell’s ears to maintain ear health and avoid infections. Look out for signs such as redness, swelling, discomfort, or foul odors, which require veterinary attention.
Considerations for Pet Parents
Before welcoming a Russell Terrier into your home, ask yourself these important questions:
- Am I ready to provide a high-energy dog with abundant daily mental and physical exercise?
- Can I ensure a safe outdoor environment that keeps a dog with a strong prey drive secure using a leash or fencing?
- Do I have enough home presence to offer companionship?
- Am I able to consistently train my dog using positive reinforcement methods?
- Am I patient enough to manage behaviors like digging and barking?
- Can I brush my dog’s teeth at least three times per week?
- Am I prepared financially to cover veterinary care and emergencies?
- Can I commit to caring for this dog throughout its lifetime, potentially 14 years or longer?
If your answers are an enthusiastic “Yes!” you’re likely ready to welcome a Russell Terrier into your family.
Is a Russell Terrier the same as a Jack Russell?
Russell Terriers and Parson Russell Terriers (often called Jack Russell Terriers) share common ancestors but are distinct breeds. Their differences include size and shape; Russell Terriers are generally smaller and longer-bodied than their Jack Russell cousins.
Are Russell Terriers good dogs?
Russell Terriers are intelligent, lively dogs brimming with energy. They make wonderful companions for active families with space for play and exercise.
Do Russell Terriers bark a lot?
Yes, they are known for their frequent barking, a trait from their working dog lineage. While early and consistent training can minimize noise, potential owners should expect a vocal pet.
What’s the difference between Russell Terriers and Parson Russell Terriers?
Parson Russell Terriers and Jack Russell Terriers are the same breed. Russell Terriers are separate but closely related. The key difference lies in size and shape: Parson Russells are taller and more square-shaped, while Russells are shorter with a more rectangular build.
