Introduction
Rat Terriers are lively, spirited, and endlessly entertaining companions, making them an exceptional choice for families ready to embrace their playful energy and quirky humor. Their tenacity and intelligence mean they thrive best with experienced pet owners who delight in their mischievous antics and boundless enthusiasm.
Originally bred for rat hunting, as their name implies, Rat Terriers are sharp, agile, and quick on their feet. While their hunting instincts remain strong, these dogs are deeply family-oriented and eager to be involved in whatever activities their loved ones pursue.
This charming breed comes in two compact varieties: the miniature Rat Terrier standing 10–13 inches tall, and the standard size ranging from 13–18 inches. Rat Terriers typically enjoy a long lifespan, living 12–18 years with proper care.
Caring for a Rat Terrier
“Rat Terriers truly embody the ‘jack-of-all-trades’ spirit among terriers,” explains a seasoned breed expert from Petscarelab, who has been dedicated to raising, training, and showing these delightful dogs for over three decades.
Known for their sharp hunting skills and clever personalities, Rat Terriers also possess a delightful sense of humor and a deep yearning to be close to their family. They do not handle long periods of solitude well, thriving instead on constant companionship.
Energetic and playful, these feisty little dogs require regular outlets to channel their lively spirits. Without sufficient mental and physical stimulation, their clever minds may lead them to find amusing—but sometimes troublesome—ways to entertain themselves. On the upside, grooming is fairly straightforward thanks to their short, sleek coat, although regular brushing is necessary as they do shed.
Despite their love for family life, their strong prey drive means early and consistent socialization and training are crucial. These “Ratties” generally get along with other pets, including cats, when raised together. However, small rodents are often seen as potential prey rather than companions.
Rat Terrier Health Issues
When nurtured with proper nutrition, environment, and from responsible breeders, Rat Terriers tend to be robust and healthy dogs. Still, there are some health concerns recommended for testing by national breed authorities.
Hip Dysplasia
Hip dysplasia is a condition where the hip joint develops abnormally, causing looseness that can lead to discomfort, stiffness, and reduced mobility. If your Rat Terrier shows any signs of pain or reluctance to move, consult your vet about possible treatments such as joint supplements, anti-inflammatory medication, or surgical options.
Patellar Luxation
Common among smaller breeds, patellar luxation occurs when the kneecap slips out of place. Dogs with this condition might exhibit a “bunny hop” gait or occasionally skip steps while walking. Mild cases may only require joint supplements, but severe instances might need surgical intervention.
Legg-Calvé-Perthes Disease
This disease causes the femoral head in the hip joint to deteriorate, leading to pain and arthritis. Diagnosis is confirmed by X-rays, and surgery usually results in a swift, full recovery, allowing your Rat Terrier to live comfortably for many years.
Primary Lens Luxation
This eye condition can cause painful, inflamed eyes, trembling of the iris or lens, and other abnormalities. Left untreated, it may lead to glaucoma or complete blindness. Regular veterinary eye exams can detect early signs for timely treatment.
Cardiac Disease
As Rat Terriers age, they may develop heart problems, including murmurs, coughing, weight loss, fatigue, or fainting during exercise. Some dogs show no symptoms at all. Your vet will guide you regarding diet, exercise adjustments, and potential lifelong medications to manage heart health.
What To Feed a Rat Terrier
Feeding your Rat Terrier a well-balanced, high-quality diet is essential. Choose commercial dog foods approved by the Association of American Feed Control Officials (AAFCO) to ensure they meet all nutritional standards. A formula designed specifically for small breeds is ideal. Since Rat Terriers can be prone to skin allergies, opting for a fish-based protein kibble or supplementing with fish oil can promote healthy skin.
How To Feed a Rat Terrier
These dogs generally eat well but require portion-controlled meals—feeding twice daily with measured amounts tailored to their life stage (puppy, adult, or senior). Avoid free-feeding to prevent unnecessary weight gain and maintain ideal body condition.
How Much Should You Feed a Rat Terrier?
Despite their small size and activity level, Rat Terriers have a tendency to become overweight, which can exacerbate joint and heart issues. Always follow the feeding recommendations on your chosen dog food packaging and consult your veterinarian for personalized guidance.
Nutritional Tips for Rat Terriers
Given their susceptibility to joint problems, incorporating joint-support supplements containing chondroitin and glucosamine can be beneficial. Discuss supplementation with your vet to tailor the best approach for your dog’s well-being.
Rat Terrier Personality and Temperament
Rat Terriers are determined and clever problem solvers who tackle tasks with persistence. This endearing quality can be challenging for new pet parents unprepared to enforce consistent rules and structure. Their curious minds need both physical exercise and mental challenges to stay happy and out of trouble.
With early exposure to children, other dogs, and cats, Rat Terriers usually become social, friendly members of the household. Supervision around young children is always advisable. Our experts at Petscarelab recommend partnering with reputable breeders who understand temperament to match you with a puppy suited to your lifestyle.
Rat Terrier Behavior
As typical terriers, Rat Terriers have a natural tendency to dig, especially when under-stimulated. Their boundless curiosity paired with athleticism can make them skilled escape artists, so leaving them unattended in the backyard is ill-advised. Generally quiet watchdogs, they may bark to signal boredom or loneliness.
Regular exercise isn’t optional but letting your Rat Terrier simply be engaged with the family’s activities is just as important. “They’re intelligent and sociable, wanting to be involved in everything and share in the fun,” notes our breed specialist.
Rat Terrier Training
Socializing your Rat Terrier puppy beyond the breeder’s initial efforts is vital. “Breeders set the foundation during the first eight weeks, but your job is to build on that for at least the next year, which truly is a commitment,” says the Petscarelab expert. Getting your pup exposed to diverse environments and experiences enriches their world.
Positive reinforcement, patience, and clear boundaries are key to effective training, though expect some boundary-testing. Keep sessions short, engaging, and rewarding. Early crate training is also recommended to provide a safe retreat and help manage your dog when unattended.
Fun Activities for Rat Terriers
- Agility courses
- Obedience challenges
- Flyball competitions
- Scent detection and tracking
- Swimming sessions
- Jogging alongside you
- Hiking adventures
- Toy playtime
- Cuddling on the couch
- Simply spending quality time with their people
Rat Terrier Grooming Guide
Thanks to their short, dense coat, Rat Terriers require minimal grooming, although they do shed moderately throughout the year, with heavier shedding seasonal peaks in spring and fall.
Weekly nail trims are essential, and annual dental cleanings are highly recommended to maintain their oral health. “These active dogs explore the world with their mouths, so healthy teeth are crucial for their happiness,” emphasizes our expert.
Skin Care
“Rat Terriers have sensitive skin, especially on their belly, and are prone to chronic allergies and scratching, which can lead to infections,” warns our vet consultant. If you notice excessive licking, scratching, redness, or hair loss, consult your veterinarian promptly to prevent more serious problems.
Coat Care
Maintaining the Rat Terrier’s coat requires just a weekly brushing to remove loose hairs and reduce shedding. Occasional baths are fine—usually only when your dog develops an odor—but avoid frequent washing, as this can strip essential oils and dry out their skin.
Eye Care
Regularly inspect your dog’s eyes during grooming to catch any early signs of irritation or disease, especially given their predisposition to eye conditions. When bathing, protect their eyes from soap and water to avoid discomfort, since Rat Terriers lack long fur around the eyes to help shield them.
Ear Care
Keep water out of their ears during baths to reduce the risk of irritation. Monitor for frequent ear scratching or redness, as this can signal allergies or infections needing veterinary attention.
Considerations for Pet Parents
Before welcoming a Rat Terrier into your home, be prepared for their need for firm boundaries, daily exercise, and abundant love and engagement. “Their intelligence and adaptability mean they can fit beautifully into many lifestyles, provided their needs are met,” says the Petscarelab specialist.
However, if you’re inclined to give in to those irresistible puppy eyes, prefer a dog who sets the rules, can’t find humor in their cleverness, or lead a lifestyle not conducive to including a dog for the next decade or more, this spirited breed may not be the right match.
How long do Rat Terriers live?
Rat Terriers enjoy a notably long lifespan of 12–18 years. Celebrating a 15th birthday is fairly common for this hardy and resilient breed.
How big do Rat Terriers get?
These compact dogs weigh between 10 and 25 pounds, whether miniature or standard size. Despite their small stature, their big personality shines through.
Is the Rat Terrier a good family pet?
Generally, Rat Terriers adore their families and thrive when included in daily activities. With early introductions, they tend to be wonderful companions for children.
Do Rat Terriers bark a lot?
Rat Terriers are not excessive barkers. They typically sound the alarm when something important occurs, so their barks often warrant your attention rather than being mere noise.
Where do I find a Rat Terrier puppy?
There are several respected national rescue organizations dedicated to Rat Terriers. Because each rescue operates differently, it’s wise to explore options and find one that suits your family. When adopting, gather as much background information on the dog as possible.
For those choosing to buy from a breeder, remember that quality breeders invest significant time and resources into raising healthy, well-tempered puppies. “If a breeder’s dogs display the qualities you seek, understand that you’re paying for that commitment and expertise,” notes our breeder advisor.
