Introduction
Spirited, agile, and remarkably intelligent, the Portuguese Water Dog is a natural-born swimmer and seafaring companion, originally bred to assist fishermen along Portugal’s rugged coastlines. Adored for their affectionate disposition, minimal shedding, and irresistibly cute teddy bear-like faces, these dogs have even captured the hearts of celebrities—most notably Sunny and the late Bo Obama, who charmed the White House as two of the most recognized Portuguese Water Dogs in American history.
Rising up to 23 inches tall and weighing between 35 and 60 pounds, Portuguese Water Dogs are cherished family members across the United States. Their lively and playful personalities make them an ideal choice for energetic owners who enjoy an active lifestyle alongside their furry friends.
Caring for a Portuguese Water Dog
The cheerful, loving Portuguese Water Dog thrives as a devoted family companion when provided with ample exercise, consistent training, and plenty of attention from an early age. According to the Portuguese Water Dog Club of America (PWDCA), these dogs were bred starting in the 13th century to be hardworking assistants—tasked with retrieving fishing gear and helping secure nets to ensure no fish escaped along Portugal’s shores.
Prospective owners should be ready to engage their vigorous Portuguese Water Dog with a minimum of 30 to 60 minutes of physical activity daily. Those who rise to the challenge are rewarded with unwavering loyalty, copious cuddles, and heartfelt affection. Their sturdy, medium-sized frames are covered in low-shedding coats, but those luscious curly or wavy locks demand regular grooming and dedicated care.
“They are simply happy-go-lucky, kind-hearted dogs,” shares Dr. Pam Nichols, DVM, CCRP, CFI, immediate past president of the North American Animal Hospital Association.
Portuguese Water Dog Health Issues
While Portuguese Water Dogs may be prone to a handful of health concerns, “overall, health problems with this breed tend to be relatively uncommon,” Dr. Nichols assures.
Hypothyroidism
Hypothyroidism occurs when the thyroid gland produces insufficient hormones, which are vital for regulating your dog’s metabolism. Just like in humans, this slowdown can lead to symptoms such as weight gain, lethargy, persistent skin and ear infections, a tendency to seek warmth, and a dull, unhealthy coat.
If left untreated, hypothyroidism can reduce your pet’s lifespan, but fortunately, it is manageable with daily medication and regular veterinary checkups.
Hip Dysplasia
Hip dysplasia involves a loose or unstable fit between the ball and socket of the hip joint. Dogs affected by this condition often show decreased activity and difficulty moving around. Treatment options range from joint-supporting supplements like Glucosamine with MSM to anti-inflammatory drugs, and in severe cases, surgery may be necessary. Without treatment, painful arthritis can develop over time.
Addison’s Disease
The PWDCA notes that Portuguese Water Dogs are among approximately a dozen breeds genetically predisposed to Addison’s disease, a disorder affecting the adrenal glands near the kidneys. These glands produce corticosteroid hormones critical for managing stress and metabolism. When this production drops or ceases, affected dogs may experience:
- Fatigue and weakness
- Loss of appetite
- Vomiting
- Diarrhea
Early diagnosis and treatment allow many dogs to lead vibrant, active lives despite the disease.
Congenital Eye Issues
Portuguese Water Dogs can also be susceptible to progressive retinal atrophy (PRA) and cataracts. PRA is a degenerative eye disorder that gradually erodes the retina, leading to blindness over months or years. Symptoms include difficulty seeing at night, dilated pupils, and occasional clumsiness. Though PRA is painless, there is currently no cure.
Cataracts cause clouding of the lens, eventually impairing vision. If you notice cloudy eyes or changes in your dog’s sight, consult your veterinarian promptly. Surgical intervention can restore vision, but untreated cataracts will lead to blindness.
What To Feed a Portuguese Water Dog
To keep your Portuguese Water Dog in peak condition—with an ideal weight, robust health, and ample energy—it’s crucial to provide a balanced diet formulated specifically for dogs, one that meets the standards set by the Association of American Feed Control Officials (AAFCO).
How To Feed a Portuguese Water Dog
Dr. Nichols recommends selecting a premium-quality dog food brand tailored to your dog’s life stage. Brands like Hill’s Science Diet, Iams, Eukanuba, Royal Canin, and Purina Pro Plan offer great options. Puppies benefit from three scheduled meals a day, while adult dogs do well with two meals—for example, once in the morning and once in the evening.
How Much Should You Feed a Portuguese Water Dog?
Determining the right portion size depends on your dog’s age, activity level, and other individual factors. Consulting your veterinarian will help establish the correct daily calorie intake and appropriate meal quantities that suit your dog’s unique needs.
Nutritional Tips for Portuguese Water Dogs
A Portuguese Water Dog enjoying a complete, balanced diet rarely requires supplements, unless your vet advises otherwise. Key nutrients include protein, carbohydrates, vitamins, minerals, and fats—all combining to keep your loyal companion healthy, vibrant, and energetic.
Portuguese Water Dog Personality and Temperament
Known for their intelligence and devotion, Portuguese Water Dogs make wonderful family members across diverse households. However, without proper training, socialization, and regular exercise to channel their spirited energy and curiosity, they may become challenging. “Portuguese Water Dogs can be fantastic family pets, great with children and other animals,” explains Alex Johnson, lead trainer at Coastal Canine Academy. “But introducing them properly to new household members is crucial to ensure harmony and safety.”
Bred to be the trusted helpers for Portuguese fishermen, these dogs thrive when given meaningful tasks—whether mastering new tricks, engaging in agility exercises, or retrieving balls and Frisbees. Athletic and clever, Portuguese Water Dogs excel in active homes that enjoy hiking, jogging, swimming, and other outdoor adventures.
Portuguese Water Dog Behavior
While not known to be frequent barkers, they will vocalize in response to stimuli such as wildlife or visitors. Without sufficient mental and physical enrichment, however, their energy may manifest in unwelcome behaviors like excessive barking or chewing.
“These dogs have boundless energy and rarely tire,” Johnson notes. “Daily walks combined with mental challenges and obedience training will curb unwanted behaviors and satisfy their needs.”
Owners can keep these spirited dogs engaged by setting up agility or obstacle courses, organizing swimming sessions, and offering a variety of interactive puzzle toys.
Portuguese Water Dog Training
Renowned for their smarts and eagerness to please, Portuguese Water Dogs respond wonderfully to early, positive reinforcement training—rewarding good behavior with treats and praise.
“Since they often have a strong food drive, positive reinforcement is highly effective,” Johnson adds. “Rewarding desirable behaviors strengthens your communication and helps cultivate a well-mannered companion.”
Beyond obedience and agility, their gentle temperament lends itself beautifully to therapy and service dog roles.
Fun Activities for Portuguese Water Dogs
- Walking or jogging
- Hiking in nature
- Playing fetch
- Swimming in lakes or pools
- Dock diving competitions
- Socializing at dog parks
- Engaging in tug-of-war
- Chasing games
- Agility training courses
- Structured obedience sessions
- Brain-stimulating puzzle games
Portuguese Water Dog Grooming Guide
Portuguese Water Dogs flaunt stunning coats, either curly or wavy, that shed minimally but require routine grooming to stay neat. Dr. Nichols advises scheduling professional grooming every 4 to 6 weeks to maintain their signature look.
“They don’t shed much, and because their hair grows continuously, their coat is prone to matting if ignored. Finding a skilled groomer and sticking to a grooming routine is essential,” she emphasizes.
In addition to grooming, Nichols recommends daily brushing of your dog’s teeth to prevent costly and complicated dental procedures down the line.
Skin Care
Active Portuguese Water Dogs often get wet or muddy from outdoor fun. Bathing with a gentle, dog-specific shampoo helps keep their skin clean and healthy. Under normal conditions, however, regular bathing isn’t necessary.
Coat Care
Their luxuriant curls and waves demand frequent brushing to prevent tangles and mats. Scheduling regular professional grooming sessions ensures their coat stays manageable and beautiful.
Eye Care
Because Portuguese Water Dogs can inherit conditions like PRA and cataracts, owners should monitor for signs such as night vision issues, clumsiness, or dilated pupils, and consult a vet promptly if noticed.
Ear Care
Although not especially prone to ear infections, these water-loving dogs benefit from routine ear cleanings—especially after swimming—to maintain ear health and prevent irritation.
Considerations for Pet Parents
Loving, lively, and loyal, Portuguese Water Dogs make heartwarming additions to active homes of all shapes and sizes. Their happiness depends on receiving ample daily mental and physical stimulation—ranging from trail runs to energetic play sessions in the yard.
They can adapt to apartment living if their exercise needs are consistently met but flourish best with plenty of space to roam safely in a fenced yard. Owners should commit to early positive reinforcement training and regular grooming appointments to keep their beloved pet thriving.
How much is a Portuguese Water Dog?
Portuguese Water Dog puppies generally range from $1,500 to $2,500, depending on factors such as breeder reputation, lineage, and location. Prospective owners are encouraged to seek out responsible breeders approved by the Portuguese Water Dog Club of America or consider adopting through rescue organizations.
Are Portuguese Water Dogs hypoallergenic?
While no dog is completely hypoallergenic, Portuguese Water Dogs are often favored by allergy sufferers due to their low-shedding coats. However, allergic reactions vary between individuals, so spending time with the breed beforehand is wise to gauge your own sensitivity.
Is a Portuguese Water Dog a good family dog?
Absolutely! The Portuguese Water Dog is tender, playful, and excellent with children and other pets—provided they receive consistent training and plenty of daily mental and physical activity. Energetic owners will find them loyal and loving companions.
How big do Portuguese Water Dogs get?
Portuguese Water Dogs are medium-sized, standing between 17 and 23 inches tall and weighing from 35 to 60 pounds. Females typically run slightly smaller than males, but both genders embody the breed’s sturdy, athletic build.
