Introduction
The Bullmastiff is a devoted, gentle giant known for its affectionate nature and impressive size.
As chronicled by the National Bullmastiff Club, British gamekeepers originally engineered the Bullmastiff in the 1860s by crossing Bulldogs with Mastiffs. Their aim was to develop a massive, obedient dog with a keen protective instinct to guard estates against poachers.
Bullmastiffs boast an imposing stature, typically weighing between 100 and 130 pounds and standing 24 to 27 inches tall at the shoulder, with males generally being larger.
This breed is instantly recognizable by its broad, massive head, distinctive V-shaped ears, deep, expressive dark eyes, and solid, muscular frame. Their short, dense coat comes in three classic shades: fawn, red, or brindle.
Caring for a Bullmastiff
Bullmastiffs are gentle and loving companions to family members, though they may initially be reserved around strangers. Known for their calm demeanor, they usually get along well with young children and other dogs; nonetheless, all interactions between kids and pets should be closely supervised.
Highly intelligent, Bullmastiffs respond quickly to training. However, early socialization and guidance are crucial because Bullmastiff puppies are energetic and mature into powerful dogs that can unintentionally overwhelm small children or strangers without proper training.
Essential training for Bullmastiff puppies includes:
- Following commands like sit, stay, and down
- Walking calmly on a leash
- Remaining composed around other dogs, adults, and children
While daily exercise is important, Bullmastiffs thrive with long leisurely walks and playtime in a securely fenced yard. They are not suited for endurance running, as they lack the stamina for extended high-intensity activity.
Bullmastiff Health Issues
Bullmastiffs have a typical lifespan of 7 to 9 years, reflecting the shorter longevity common among giant breeds.
Generally robust, they can still face specific health concerns. It’s vital to research and choose a reputable breeder committed to health testing to reduce risks.
Dilated Cardiomyopathy (DCM)
Dilated cardiomyopathy is a heart disease where weakened muscles struggle to pump blood efficiently. While mild to moderate cases may show no signs, severe DCM can cause:
- Rapid heartbeat
- Persistent coughing
- Labored breathing
- Fatigue
- Appetite loss
- Collapse
- Weight loss
- Potential fatality
Medication is typically used to manage this condition.
Entropion
Entropion is an uncomfortable condition where the eyelid rolls inward, causing lashes to irritate the cornea. It can be very painful and lead to corneal ulcers, requiring corrective surgery.
Subaortic Valvular Stenosis (SAS)
SAS is an inherited heart defect in Bullmastiffs developing during their first year. Responsible breeding plays a key role in prevention.
Fibrous tissue restricts blood flow out of the heart, which may cause progressive heart damage. Mild to moderate SAS might not reveal symptoms, but severe cases can result in:
- Low energy
- Rapid fatigue after minimal exercise
- Collapse
- Sudden death
Mild SAS often only needs monitoring, while moderate to severe cases may require medications to support heart function. A lifelong exercise restriction is essential to prevent overexertion.
Progressive Retinal Atrophy (PRA)
PRA is a genetic condition causing gradual degeneration of retinal cells, leading to vision loss and eventual blindness. It typically affects young to middle-aged Bullmastiffs.
While incurable, PRA can be diagnosed via eye exams. Reputable breeders screen for PRA mutations through DNA testing and exclude carriers from breeding.
Hip Dysplasia
Hip dysplasia is an inherited orthopedic disorder where the thighbone fits improperly in the hip socket, causing joint damage and arthritis. It may affect one or both hips and can occur either congenitally or later in life.
Signs to watch for include:
- Limping or lameness
- Difficulty rising from rest
- Bunny-hopping gait during running
- Hesitation to jump or climb stairs
- Holding the affected leg awkwardly while sitting
Management includes joint supplements, weight control, tailored exercise, diet adjustments, medications, or surgery for severe cases.
Elbow Dysplasia
This condition leads to degenerative joint disease in the elbow, manifested by pain and limited motion detectable on veterinary exams and imaging.
Treatment often involves surgery, though mild forms may respond well to medication, supplements, and weight management.
Lymphoma
Lymphoma is a cancer originating in lymph nodes that can spread to multiple organs. Symptoms include:
- Swollen lymph nodes
- Reduced appetite
- Lethargy
- Weight loss
- Vomiting
- Diarrhea
Chemotherapy is the main treatment option.
Bloat and Gastric Dilatation-Volvulus (GDV)
Bullmastiffs’ deep-chested shape makes them prone to bloat—a buildup of gas causing stomach swelling.
Bloat can escalate to GDV, a life-threatening emergency where the stomach twists, blocking blood flow to vital organs. This condition causes extreme pain and requires immediate surgery.
To reduce GDV risk, your vet may recommend a prophylactic gastropexy, a surgical procedure that secures the stomach in place.
What To Feed a Bullmastiff
Bullmastiffs thrive on a premium-quality large- or giant-breed dog food tailored to their life stage—puppy, adult, or senior. This ensures balanced nutrition, especially important for growing puppies.
Choose foods meeting the nutritional standards of the Association of American Feed Control Officials (AAFCO). Consult your veterinarian to select the best diet for your Bullmastiff’s needs.
Aim to keep treats under 10% of the diet, with the majority being nutritious dog food.
How To Feed a Bullmastiff
Puppies require a large- or giant-breed puppy formula until at least 1 to 2 years old. Ask your vet when transitioning to adult food is appropriate.
To help prevent bloat or GDV, consider these tips at mealtime:
- Divide food into two or three smaller meals daily
- Place bowls on the floor rather than elevated positions
- Separate feeding areas if you have multiple dogs to reduce competition
- Avoid exercise one hour before and after eating
- Use slow-feeder bowls, snuffle mats, or puzzle toys to moderate eating speed
How Much Should You Feed a Bullmastiff?
Portion sizes depend on your dog’s ideal weight and life stage. Follow package feeding guidelines and seek your vet’s advice to determine the right amount.
Consistently measuring food helps maintain a healthy weight.
Nutritional Tips for Bullmastiffs
Given their large frame, many Bullmastiffs benefit from joint-support supplements or omega-3 fatty acids (like fish oil) to maintain joint health. Always consult your veterinarian before introducing supplements.
Bullmastiff Personality and Temperament
Bullmastiffs exude a warm, gentle disposition with family, including children, though they may be somewhat reserved toward strangers. Early and ongoing socialization is essential for balanced behavior.
They carry abundant energy and quickly absorb training lessons, making socialization and obedience classes an excellent fit.
This breed often bonds well with other pets when introduced early in life.
Bullmastiff Behavior
Known as calm giants, Bullmastiffs are not prone to anxiety or fearfulness. They may feel uneasy around unfamiliar people or animals without early training but tend to be quiet dogs.
They typically bark only to alert their household of unusual activity or potential threats.
Bullmastiff Training
Fast learners, Bullmastiff puppies benefit from immediate training to become composed and well-mannered adults.
Because they can become stubborn when older, consistent, positive reinforcement training led by experienced owners is critical.
If challenges arise, consider consulting a certified professional dog trainer specializing in positive methods.
Fun Activities for Bullmastiffs
- Agility courses
- Nose work challenges
- Rally obedience
- Traditional obedience training
- Tracking scent trails
- Hiking adventures
- Daily walks
Bullmastiff Grooming Guide
With a short, coarse coat, Bullmastiffs shed seasonally and require minimal grooming. Their droopy jowls may leave drool on floors and furniture, so regular cleanup is part of living with this breed.
Skin Care
Bullmastiffs need only occasional baths with dog-safe shampoo to stay clean.
Daily wiping of their jowls helps remove excess saliva and food debris.
Coat Care
Monthly brushing is sufficient to control shedding. Their fur rarely mats, so professional grooming is typically unnecessary.
Eye Care
Tear staining can occur; gentle cleaning with a veterinarian-approved tear stain remover helps maintain eye area cleanliness.
Monitor for any eye changes that could indicate health problems.
Ear Care
Allergies may predispose Bullmastiffs to ear infections, often requiring prescription treatment.
Regular ear cleanings with vet-approved solutions can prevent infections. Check with your vet on the recommended frequency.
Nail Care
Routine nail trims are essential to prevent nails from breaking or splitting. If you hear clicking on floors, it’s time to trim.
Considerations for Pet Parents
The Bullmastiff’s loyalty and affection make them a wonderful family companion, especially in homes with older children and a peaceful atmosphere.
Early puppy training and socialization are vital to ensure a well-behaved adult dog. Because they can become strong-willed, this breed suits owners experienced with large, powerful dogs.
A securely fenced yard is important for safe, supervised outdoor play. Bullmastiffs are generally not well-suited for apartment living or small spaces due to their size and exercise needs.
How big does a Bullmastiff get?
Bullmastiffs typically weigh from 100 to 130 pounds, with males on the larger end. They stand between 24 and 27 inches tall at the shoulder.
How long do Bullmastiffs live?
The average lifespan ranges from 7 to 9 years.
How much does a Bullmastiff cost?
Puppies often cost between $1,000 and $2,000, with prices higher when purchased from reputable breeders producing champion bloodlines.
Is a Bullmastiff a good family dog?
Absolutely. Bullmastiffs are gentle, loving, and loyal companions to their families.
